Vehicle Dynamics

Spring rate is one of the most important parameters in suspension setup, but the number printed on a spring tells only part of the story. This technical guide explains spring rate, wheel rate, motion ratio, preload, ride frequency, linear and progressive springs, dual-rate systems and how they influence vehicle dynamics.

Mechanical grip and aerodynamic grip are often discussed as separate qualities, but both ultimately depend on the tyres transmitting force to the road. Mechanical grip is governed mainly by tyre behaviour, suspension geometry, load transfer, alignment, damping and drivetrain control. Aerodynamic grip comes from downforce increasing tyre load as speed rises. This technical guide explains how both systems work, how they interact and why a fast car requires balance rather than s